IBM researchers are collaborating with developers of secure messaging platforms like Signal and Threema to develop cryptographic systems capable of withstanding future quantum computer attacks. This partnership focuses on updating existing messaging protocols and encryption methods so that private communications remain protected even as quantum computing advances threaten current security standards.

A key concern driving this effort is the "harvest now, decrypt later" threat, where malicious actors store encrypted data today with plans to decrypt it once quantum algorithms become powerful enough. To address this, the team aims to create quantum-resistant cryptography that safeguards data from future decryption capabilities.

Led by Principal Research Scientist Vadim Lyubashevsky, IBM’s cryptography experts work alongside engineers from the Signal Foundation. Their research, recently presented at the Real-World Crypto conference, explores practical implementations of post-quantum encryption that can be integrated into real-world messaging services.

Signal, launched in 2014, is renowned for its strong privacy features, offering end-to-end encrypted voice, video, and text messaging. Its architecture ensures encryption keys are generated and stored exclusively on user devices, preventing Signal servers from accessing user communications. However, while classical computers would require billions of years to break current encryption, quantum computers threaten to significantly reduce this timeframe, necessitating new cryptographic approaches.

In response, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) finalized standards for post-quantum cryptography in 2024, including algorithms like ML-DSA and ML-KEM, developed partly by IBM researchers. These algorithms are designed to be secure against quantum attacks, but integrating them into existing systems poses challenges. For instance, replacing current encryption components with post-quantum equivalents could cause bandwidth increases of up to 100 times, making such transitions impractical without further innovation.

To overcome these hurdles, IBM’s team redesigned messaging protocols to distribute verification tasks among group members rather than relying solely on central servers. Each participant receives a pseudonym key, enabling the server to monitor group actions without revealing individual identities. Their modified ML-DSA algorithm supports key re-randomization, maintaining privacy during group interactions while ensuring accountability. The new security model also considers different user roles and potential compromises within the group infrastructure.

IBM claims this redesigned approach will make Signal’s group messaging quantum-safe, more modular, and efficient, all while maintaining its core privacy guarantees. Additionally, IBM is working with Threema, a Swiss-based messaging provider known for its privacy compliance, to explore integrating the ML-KEM algorithm into Threema’s platform. This joint effort aims to prepare these messaging services for the transition to post-quantum cryptography, a process expected to unfold over several years as internet protocols and applications gradually adopt new standards.

Given the sensitive nature of stored communications, messaging platforms are among the first to implement quantum-resistant measures. Users are encouraged to keep their apps updated, enable end-to-end encryption, and review privacy settings to enhance security against future quantum threats.

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